The object recognition test is based on the natural tendency of rodents to investigate novelty.

The fear-potentiated startle reflex test is a paradigm in which amplitude of a simple reflex is increased when presented with a cue that has been previously paired with an aversive stimulus.

Fear conditioning is a form of Pavlovian learning that involves making association between stimuli and their aversive consequences.

The delayed alternation task allows assessing spatial working memory in a T- or Y-maze.

The spontaneous alternation task is used to assess spatial working memory in rodents and is based on the innate tendency of rodents to explore a prior unexplored arm of a T- or Y-maze.

The radial-arm maze task takes advantage of the natural tendency of food-deprived rodents to learn and remember different spatial locations for food in an eight-arm radial maze.

The Morris Water Maze is the most commonly test used to evaluate cognitive functions related with memory.

In the active avoidance paradigm, subjects learn to avoid an aversive stimulus by initiating a specific locomotor response.

The differential reinforcement of low-rate 72 seconds (DRL-72 s) task is an operant procedure in which a subject is required to keep pressing a lever for at least 72 seconds in order to obtain a reward.

Learned helplessness, developed in the 1970s by Seligman, refers to the behavioral consequences of repeated exposures to stressful events over which the organism has no control.